Aphids On Tomato Plants – Complete Guide to Natural Aphid Prevention and Control
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Some of the most troublesome tomato bugs you will come across are aphids! Aphids on tomato plants can be a real menace, ruining all your efforts and reducing your crop to almost nothing. But can you get rid of aphids on tomato plants naturally, or are insecticides the only solution?
We have a ton of experience growing tomatoes, and we’ve encountered plenty of aphids. And we want to share some of our best aphid control methods with you.
Sound good?
Then let’s continue!
What’s Inside:
What Are Aphids?
If you encounter aphids on your plants, the instinctive reaction is to get rid of them as quickly as possible! However, knowing what aphids are and why they love our vegetables is part of the key to removing the problem altogether.
Aphids are tiny little winged insects that survive by sucking the sap of various species of plants. They are at the bottom of the food chain and are a tasty snack that many other insects, birds, and animal life love. They breed rapidly in vast numbers and have a short life cycle. And they seem to have no purpose at all!
There are over 4,000 aphid species around the world. Some can only survive on one type of plant, while others will feast on anything they come across.
Do Aphids Live In Soil?
Most aphids are airborne insects, flying from plant to plant for their favorite food. However, certain species of aphids have adapted to live in the soil, feasting on the roots of plants.
If your plants are stunted, slow-growing, or have abnormal growth, root aphids (Pemphigus species) may be the problem.
How to Spot Aphids On Your Tomato Plants
If you’ve found little green bugs on tomato plants, they are likely aphids. The most common type of aphid is also known as greenflies. The name greenflies come from their distinctive bright fluorescent green color. The neon green appearance can make them hard to spot against new growth on vegetable plants – a devilishly cunning disguise!
Aphids live on the undersides of leaves and can be hard to spot. Often, the first sign we see of aphids is damage to the plant itself. If you see any curled, deformed leaves, look underneath, and if you see a huddle of tiny green insects, you know that insects such as green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) are to blame.
Aphids also tend to leave sticky residue on the leaves, called honeydew. This residue is markedly sweet and can attract other insects. Ants, in particular, love honeydew. Ants will farm aphids so they can harvest the honeydew for themselves.
The relationship between aphids and ants is beneficial for both species. Ants feed on the honeydew and in return, they protect the aphids from enemies.
Some ants even go so far as to build small shelters for the aphids or to keeping root-feeding aphids inside their own nests. A few species of aphids have become so dependent on their ants that they won’t even excrete honeydew unless stimulated by an ant!
University of Wisconsin-Madison – Horticulture Extension
So, if you see ants running up and down the stems of your tomato plants, you’ll most likely find an aphid farm at the top!
Red Aphids On Tomato Plants
Sadly, tomato plants don’t just suffer from greenflies – you may also find red aphids hiding under the leaves. These red aphids are probably potato aphids. Red aphids, despite the name, love to feast on tomato plants. (Well, tomatoes and potatoes are related, after all!)
Identifying exactly which aphid species is inhabiting your plant can be incredibly confusing. The University of Wisconsin’s Horticulture Extension mentions:
Many species have two color types, such as the green peach aphid, which has both a green and a red form.
University of Wisconsin-Madison – Horticulture Extension
So even though your aphids are green, they aren’t necessarily green peach aphids!
Black Aphids On Tomato Plants
Black aphids on tomato plants are less common but are easier to spot. Black aphids, also known as black flies, tend to prefer bean plants but will colonize tomato plants as well.
White Aphids On Tomato Plants
White aphids often look like a patch of mold or fungal growth at first, appearing as a woolly patch on the underside of the leaf. Look closely, and you’ll spot tiny whiteflies sucking away at the sap of your tomato plants.
Why Do My Tomatoes Have Aphids?
If I didn’t see aphids in my garden, I’d be worried that something was seriously wrong! Aphids will seek out their favorite plants to feast on, and tomato plants come pretty high up the list.
One of the best gardening advice I remember hearing was the following. “If something isn’t eating your plants, your garden is not part of the ecosystem!”
Many homesteaders are coming to realize that working with nature, rather than against it, is the key to a flourishing and abundant vegetable garden.
And, as aphids are at the bottom of the food chain, they are essential to support many other beneficial insects.
So, if you find signs of aphid attacks on your tomato plants, don’t panic! If you’ve got the balance right in your garden, natural predators will shortly be along to enjoy an all-you-can-eat buffet of their favorite snacks.
Do Aphids Hurt Tomatoes?
Tomato plants are resilient to aphids. And a healthy plant can tolerate a surprising number before the health of the plant starts to suffer.
The main problem occurs when the leaves become damaged, reducing the plant’s ability to photosynthesize effectively. This leaf damage can slow plant growth and lead to lower tomato yields.
Reduced leaf coverage can also be problematic in hotter climates, as the tomato fruits become exposed and are more prone to sun scorching.
Can Tomato Plants Survive Aphids?
Tomato plants are tough, resilient, fast-growing, and will bounce back quickly from an aphid infestation. Ensure your plant has everything it needs to thrive – water, nutrients, and warmth – and that new, healthy growth will soon replace curled or damaged foliage.
How to Get Rid Of Aphids On Tomato Plants
Most tomato plants will tolerate a few aphids without any issues. However, they multiply rapidly. And can soon become detrimental to the plant’s health and crop yield.
Later we can look at permanent solutions to aphid problems. But let’s also look at some quick fixes to bring your plant back to life.
What Is the Best Aphid Killer?
I’ll put my neck on the line here and say that there is no such thing as a good aphid killer!
Using an insecticide on aphids would be about as effective as spraying mosquitoes around a pond in summer – you would have to drown the whole area in chemicals to make even the slightest dint in the population.
Aphids multiply quickly. And even a few can infest your entire tomato crop as soon as your back turns. Luckily, nature has the perfect solution to your problem!
How to Get Rid of Aphids On Tomato Plants Naturally
In the long term, the key to aphid management is to attract beneficial predatory insects to your garden. In recent years, insect populations have plummeted due to the overuse of insecticides, so we can all do our bit by helping them become part of our little ecosystems.
My preferred way to eliminate aphids on tomato plants is to leave one or two sacrificial plants with an undisturbed aphid population. Many of our gardening friends have observed that aphids prefer weaker plants. So, it is not an overwhelming loss if aphids colonize these plants.
The thinking behind this is that when aphids come, a wide range of beneficial predatory insects is not far behind! These include ladybugs, syrphid fly larvae, damsel bugs, and tiny parasitic wasps.
It can be a fun game to spot these natural enemies as they arrive. And the job they do at removing aphids is remarkable. Just one ladybug can eat 50 aphids every day – what an appetite!
Read More!
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- 9 Best Tomato Plants for Hanging Baskets – Super Prolific Varieties!
- 10 Delicious Tips for Growing Cherry Tomatoes In Pots!
- When to Harvest Tomatoes – The Best Time to Pick 11+ Varieties!
What Natural Remedy Kills Aphids?
OK, so we should leave some aphids undisturbed to attract beneficial predators, but what about the rest of our plants? While I’m happy to sacrifice one or two tomato plants for the cause of a balanced ecosystem, there is no way I’d jive with losing the whole crop.
For the remaining plants, natural methods are perfect for killing aphids. Remember to check for any natural enemies first – if you spot any ladybug larvae, they’ll do a far better job than you could ever do! If something is already attempting to cull your aphid infestation? The best thing to do is leave them to get on with it.
Can I Spray Aphids With Vinegar?
Vinegar is highly acidic and will kill aphids, but unfortunately, it will also damage your tomato plants and deter any beneficial insects.
You may have luck with diluted apple cider vinegar, which can kill aphids without harming the plant. But weakened tomato plants can be particularly susceptible to acidic solutions, like vinegar. If you try vinegar, dilute it with water using a one-to-three ratio. (One part vinegar, three parts water.) And try it on just one or two plants.
Can You Spray Aphids With Soapy Water?
Soapy water is often recommended as a solution for aphids and can be very effective. The good thing about soap is that it only kills soft-bodied insects like aphids. And, soapy water is hopefully not as detrimental to beneficial predators as vinegar.
To kill aphids with soapy water, make a 2% soap solution and spray it directly onto the insects – you may need to lift each leaf and thoroughly spray the underside. Tomato plants are more sensitive to soap than most other plants, so test the solution on a few leaves! That way, you can gauge the plant’s response first before spraying the whole plant.
How Do I Get Rid of Aphids Permanently?
You will never get rid of aphids permanently, and it would be wrong to try and do so. A whole host of hungry insects exist waiting to take care of your aphid problem, given half a chance!
The key to keeping aphid populations to a minimum is attracting the best type of predators to your garden. These include ladybugs, parasitoid wasps, hoverflies, and lacewings. Many of the larvae of these insects also eat aphids.
So, how do you get the ultimate pest control team into your garden? As with any ecosystem, they need the best habitat and food source.
Ideally, you want the predators in place before the aphids even arrive. Plant a range of flowers that attract different insects in the spring, such as alyssum, yarrow, dill, sunflowers, and cosmos. Borage and phacelia are also good choices, and once established, self-seed happily in nooks and crannies around your yard.
Let me paraphrase Kevin Costner in Field Of Dreams. “If you plant it, they will come!“
Conclusion
Thanks for reading our guide about how to manage aphids on tomato plants.
Every year, writers on our team grow tomatoes from all over the world – from Australia, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Portugal!
And no matter where we grow them – aphids always appear! We know aphids can stress you out. But remember, nature knows best how to handle them.
So, instead of reaching for your insecticide? Let nature take its course!
All you need is a few ladybugs to find the aphids. And then they shall not last much longer. We guarantee it!
Thanks again for reading.
Have a great day!